Natural Sciences, Stomotology, 2026
ISSN: 1829-006X
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE BASED TWEED ANALYSIS OF DIFFERENT TYPES OF CLEFT AND NON-CLEFT INDIVIDUALS
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Submitted: 2026-04-08
© 2026 by author(s) and The Gufo Inc.
This work is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution–NonCommercial International License
(CC BY-NC 4.0).
Abstract
Background: This research compares the Frankfort-mandibular plane angle (FMA) measurements between individuals with cleft lip and palate (CLP) disorders and those without clefts (NC). Additionally, it examines gender differences in FMA measurements within the study population.
Materials and Methods: A sample of 123 individuals provided demographic information, including gender distribution and types of cleft conditions. FMA measurements were calculated and compared across genders and cleft conditions using independent samples tests, descriptive statistics, analysis of variance (ANOVA), and multiple comparisons.
Results: The study found that 56.1% of participants were male and 43.9% were female. Furthermore, 74.8% had CLP
conditions, with bilateral cleft lip and palate being the most prevalent (23.6%). No significant differences in FMA
measurements were observed between males and females (p > 0.05). However, significant differences were found in
FMA measurements between individuals with NC and CLP conditions (p < 0.05). ANOVA revealed significant
differences in mean FMA measurements across various types of cleft conditions.
Conclusion: The findings indicate that while gender does not significantly affect FMA measurements, substantial
differences exist between individuals with NC and CLP conditions. Understanding these distinctions is crucial for
personalized orthodontic and craniofacial treatment planning in patients with cleft lip and palate disorders.