CLINICAL & IMAGING FEATURES OF TEMPOROMANDIBULAR JOINT SYNOVIAL CHONDROMATOSIS: A RETROSPECTIVE STUDY

Background:Synovial chondromatosis (SC) of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is a rare, benign proliferative
disorder of the synovium, characterized by intra-articular cartilaginous nodules. Clinical symptoms mimic common
temporomandibular disorders (TMDs), leading to delayed diagnosis. Imaging plays a crucial role in differentiating SC
from degenerative or neoplastic conditions.
Materials and Methods:This retrospective study was conducted at Taibah University Dental College and Hospital,
Madinah, Saudi Arabia, between 2012–2022. Records of patients with histopathologically confirmed TMJ SC were
reviewed. Demographic data, clinical features, and imaging findings from CT, CBCT, and MRI were analyzed.
Statistical analysis included descriptive statistics and comparative tests for joint space measurements.
Results:Fifteen patients (11 females, 4 males; mean age 39.2 ± 9.6 years) were included. Pain (86.7%), swelling
(66.7%), and restricted mouth opening (73.3%) were the most common presenting symptoms. CT and CBCT revealed
calcified loose bodies in 80% of cases, condylar erosion in 53.3%, and glenoid fossa involvement in 46.7%. MRI
demonstrated joint effusion in 60% and non-calcified cartilaginous nodules in 73.3%. The superior joint space was the
predominant lesion epicenter (93.3%). Comparative joint space analysis revealed statistically significant widening on
the affected side (p<0.01).
Conclusions:TMJ SC demonstrates distinct clinical and imaging characteristics. Pain, swelling, and limited opening
were the dominant symptoms, while imaging findings—particularly calcified nodules and joint space widening—remain crucial for diagnosis. Recognition of these features enhances early detection and guides surgical management.