MEDICAL AND SOCIAL ASPECTS OF HEMOCONTACT INFECTIONS IN DENTAL INSTITUTIONS OF OSH REGION, KYRGYSTAN

Background: Public health is at risk by the spread of hemocontact diseases such HIV, viral hepatitis B and C,
especially in medical and dental facilities where rigorous infection control procedures are very essential. Transmitted
via blood contact, these infections pose an extreme risk for patients undergoing dental treatment as well as for
healthcare professionals as contact with blood and other fluids is frequent.
Objective: This research sought to assess the risk of infection among medical staff and patients at dental facilities in
the Osh area of Kyrgyzstan as well as the frequency of infections passed via a hemocontact mechanism. To guarantee
strong and multifaceted findings, a complete strategy combining epidemiological, analytical, sociological, laboratory,
and statistical techniques was used.
Method: The study consisted of statistical, laboratory, social, and epidemiological techniques. Along with lab test
findings, data sources included information on the incidence of HIV, HBV, and HCV (2020–2024) from the Osh
Center for Disease Prevention. Developed to evaluate hygienic conditions, risk factors, and health awareness among
256 dentists, residents, and 220 dental students was a specifically customized questionnaire. Using MS Excel and EpiInfo tools, data were examined; the Student’s t-test followed to determine statistical significance.
Result: The results showed that while viral hepatitis B, hepatitis C, and HIV are a significant public health problem,
the epidemiological condition of hemocontact infections in the Osh region is still severe. Many times, dental offices
overlook hygienic and epidemiological recommendations; disparities in infection control practices during patient
treatment clearly increase the danger of viral spread. This risk is significantly increased by factors like poor sterilizing
of tools, low compliance with infection safety guidelines, and holes in preventive precautions.
Conclusion: Strict use of a set of policies is very necessary to reduce the spread of hemocontact infections in dental
treatment environments. This includes enforcing adherence to infection prevention and control criteria, enhancing
monitoring systems, and guaranteeing thorough instruction for dental staff on infection safety methods. By closing
these gaps, one may improve the safety of dental settings, therefore shielding patients from hemocontact infections as
well as healthcare personnel.