PREVENTION STRATEGIES AND TREATMENT OF OBSTRUCTIVE SLEEP APNEA SYNDROME: A NARRATIVE REVIEW

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a prevalent sleep-related breathing disorder characterized by recurrent episodes of upper airway collapse during sleep, resulting in intermittent hypoxia and sleep fragmentation. Oral and maxillofacial surgeons play a pivotal role in both the prevention and management of OSA through surgical and non-surgical interventions that target craniofacial anatomy.This narrative review critically summarizes current evidence regarding the etiology, diagnostic approaches, preventive strategies, and treatment modalities of OSA within the scope of oral and maxillofacial surgery. Particular emphasis is placed on mandibular advancement devices, orthognathic surgical procedures, and multidisciplinary treatment strategies. Contemporary evidence indicates that maxillomandibular advancement (MMA) is among the most effective surgical interventions, achieving significant reductions in the apnea–hypopnea index (AHI) and substantial improvement in clinical outcomes. Preventive approaches, including early identification of craniofacial risk factors and timely orthodontic intervention, are also addressed. This review underscores the importance of individualized treatment planning and close interdisciplinary collaboration in optimizing patient outcomes. OSA is a multifactorial condition that requires personalized management strategies. Oral and maxillofacial surgery occupies a central position in both preventive and therapeutic pathways, with MMA remaining the gold standard surgical option, while early diagnosis and multidisciplinary care are essential for long-term success.