New short-range auto-paracr ine mechanisms underly ing the functional activity of tissue basophils in mammals
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Author(s)
New short-range auto-paracr ine mechanisms underly ing the functional activity of tissue basophils in mammals Arto Zilfyan
This report presents modern literary information and the results of own research on the
biological role of a number of endogenous biologically active factors of peptide nature produced in tissue basophils: melatonin, thymalin, and ACTH. So, in addition to numerous biologically active substances, tissue basophils of the mammalian organism produce melatonin, ACTH, and corticotropin releasing factor.
The provided information according to which the field of activity of thymic mediators - thymosin β4 and thymalin is not limited exclusively within the frame of the immune system, but is also implemented within the APUD system. So, mediators of the brain layer of the thymus are involved in the processes of stimulation and / or inhibition of histamine and serotonin, as well as degranulation and release of these factors into the perivascular space.
Through our studies, we have found that under a number of extreme conditions in tissue basophils, the processes of “transformation” of serotonin into melatonin (the only source from which melatonin is synthesized) are activated. The authors of this publication come to the conclusion that, with certain stimulation of tissue basophils (in vivo experiments, under the conditions of injections of physiological concentrations of E. Coli lipopolysaccharide to laboratory animals), the processes of intracellular synthesis of melatonin from serotonin are sharply activated in tissue basophils.
According to the authors, except histamine, an important role should be played not by serotonin, but by melatonin produced in tissue basophils, in the regulation of transcapillary metabolism, and in a particular vascular permeability. Facts discovered during the recent years regarding the synthesis of ACTH in tissue basophils, receptors for the corticotropin-releasing factor on the membrane of these cells allow the authors to consider the role of extrahypophysial ACTH in the regulation of many integrative functions of the organism from a completely new perspective, and, in particular, steroidogenesis and insulinogenesis in the adrenal gland and pancreas, respectively. Apparently, under the conditions of “specific” stimulation of tissue basophils, the latter begin to selectively produce ACTH, which has a modulating effect on target cells localized, at least, in the peripheral glands of internal and mixed secretion.
DOI: https://ysmu.am/v2/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/1.pdf The New Armenian Medical Journal Vol.14 (2020), Nо 2 5-12
