Bulletin of Stomatology and Maxillofacial Surgery
ISSN 1829-006X
2025; 303–312
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ASSESSMENT OF THE POTENTIALLY TOXIC EFFECT OF 2% AND 4% ARTICAINE ON THE PATIENTS’ CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM DURING TOOTH EXTRACTION

Alexey Kuznetsov*, Aglaya Kazumova, Natalia Ivanova, Yuriy Vasil’ev

Head Doctor LAZURIT Dental Clinic LLC, Obninsk, Kaluga Region,RF · E.V. Borovsky Institute of Dentistry, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia · Department of Operative Surgery and Topographic Anatomy, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia · , Department of Operative Surgery and Topographic Anatomy, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia

Received: 2026-04-08 · Published: 2025-04-08

© 2025 The Author(s) and the original publisher.

CC BY-NC 4.0 This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
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Original title
ASSESSMENT OF THE POTENTIALLY TOXIC EFFECT OF 2% AND 4% ARTICAINE ON THE PATIENTS’ CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM DURING TOOTH EXTRACTION
Authors
Alexey Kuznetsov, Aglaya Kazumova, Natalia Ivanova, Yuriy Vasil’ev
Source journal
Bulletin of Stomatology and Maxillofacial Surgery
Published
2025-04-08
Licence
Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International
Original
https://doi.org/10.58240/1829006X-2025.3-303

Abstract

Aim: The purpose of this study was to conduct a comparative analysis of the potential toxicity of 2% and 4% articaine on the cardiovascualar system of patients during tooth extraction, as well as to assess the risk of complications associated with the use of anesthetics. As part of the study, the tasks were set to assess the toxicity of articaine on cell cultures and analyze hemodynamic changes in patients during the tooth extraction procedure. Materials and Methods: The determination of the half-life concentration (LC50) in an in vitro study was used to assess cytotoxicity.Monitoring of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems was carried out using Mindray ePM 10. Results: A cell culture study confirmed that the 2% drug has significantly lower cytotoxicity than the 4% drug. The monitoring results showed that systolic blood pressure was normal before surgery, with no statistically significant differences between the groups (p>0.05). 2 minutes after the injection of the anesthetic, the pressure remained normal, but after 4 minutes it increased, while in the 2% articaine group it was 3 mmHg lower than in the 4% group (p<0.05). By 8 minutes, the pressure returned to normal values. Dynamics analysis showed a significant increase in systolic blood pressure in both groups by 2 and 4 minutes, followed by a decrease by 8 minutes (p<0.001). Diastolic pressure and pulse also did not show significant differences between the groups, but their dynamics increased in both groups by 4 minutes, followed by a decrease by 8 minutes (p<0.001). Saturation remained normal, but it decreased by 4 minutes with recovery by 8 minutes (p<0.001). Conclusion: The revealed results confirm that 2% articaine is a safe alternative to 4% articaine, especially for patients with concomitant pathologies. The study highlights the need for careful choice of anesthetics in clinical practice to minimize the risk of complications.
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