Background: The choice of treatment for patients with malocclusion often involves either segmental orthognathic
surgery or conventional orthodontic space closure. While both methods aim to improve dental alignment, they may
have distinct impacts on periodontal health. This study aimed to compare the periodontal health outcomes in patients
treated with segmental orthognathic surgery versus those treated with conventional orthodontic space closure.
Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted, including 100 patients (50 in each group). Periodontal health
was assessed using probing depth (PD), clinical attachment loss (CAL), bone loss, and gingival recession at three time
points: pre-treatment, post-treatment, and 12 months post-treatment. Data were analyzed using descriptive and
inferential statistics, including paired t-tests and independent t-tests, with a significance level of p < 0.05.
Results: Segmental orthognathic surgery resulted in greater increases in PD, bone loss, and gingival recession
compared to conventional orthodontic space closure. Group 1 (surgical) patients experienced more pronounced
changes in periodontal health, while Group 2 (space closure) patients showed relatively stable periodontal outcomes.
Significant differences in bone loss and gingival recession were noted between the two groups (p < 0.05).
Conclusion: Both treatments affected periodontal health, but segmental orthognathic surgery was associated with
more adverse periodontal outcomes. Conventional orthodontic space closure demonstrated fewer negative effects on
periodontal tissues and may be a preferable option for patients with less severe skeletal discrepancies.
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