Bulletin of Stomatology and Maxillofacial Surgery
ISSN 1829-006X
2025; 222–232
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COMPARATIVE ASSESSMENT OF SALIVARY ENDOTHELIN-1 LEVELS PERIODONTITIS SUBJECTS FOLLOWING NON-SURGICAL PERIODONTAL THERAPY (NSPT) WITH ADJUNCTIVE PHOTOBIOMODULATION AND NSPT ALONE: A PROSPECTIVE INTERVENTIONAL STUDY

Sameer Zope*

Received: 2026-04-08 · Published: 2025-04-05

© 2025 The Author(s) and the original publisher.

CC BY-NC 4.0 This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
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Original title
COMPARATIVE ASSESSMENT OF SALIVARY ENDOTHELIN-1 LEVELS PERIODONTITIS SUBJECTS FOLLOWING NON-SURGICAL PERIODONTAL THERAPY (NSPT) WITH ADJUNCTIVE PHOTOBIOMODULATION AND NSPT ALONE: A PROSPECTIVE INTERVENTIONAL STUDY
Author
Sameer Zope
Source journal
Bulletin of Stomatology and Maxillofacial Surgery
Published
2025-04-05
Licence
Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International
Original
https://doi.org/10.58240/1829006X-2025.3-223

Abstract

Background: Non-surgical periodontal therapy (NSPT) effectively reduces microbial load and inflammation in Periodontitis; however, adjunctive therapies such as photobiomodulation (PBM) have been proposed to enhance outcomes. Endothelin-1 (ET-1), an inflammatory biomarker, has been associated with periodontal disease progression, yet its levels in saliva remain under-investigated, thus we aimed to comparatively assess salivary ET1 levels in periodontitis patients undergoing NSPT alone versus NSPT combined with photobiomodulation. Material and methods: This prospective, randomized, single-blinded study involved 96 subjects divided equally into three groups: healthy controls, generalized periodontitis treated with NSPT alone, and periodontitis treated with NSPT and photobiomodulation. Clinical periodontal parameters and levels of salivary ET-1 were recorded at baseline and on the 21st day. Results: Results demonstrated significantly elevated levels of ET-1 in periodontitis patients in comparison to healthy individuals (p=0.002). Both treatment modalities showed improvements in clinical parameters; however, NSPT combined with photobiomodulation significantly reduced ET-1 levels (p=0.048) and improved periodontal outcomes. Conclusion: Adjunctive photobiomodulation enhances the efficacy of NSPT, with salivary ET-1 proving to be promising as a biomarker to monitor periodontal disease and therapeutic response.
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