Bulletin of Stomatology and Maxillofacial Surgery
ISSN 1829-006X
2025; 191–204
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EVALUATION OF ANTIBACTERIAL, ANTIOXIDANT, AND CYTOTOXIC PROPERTIES OF GREEN SYNTHESISED ZINC OXIDE NANOPARTICLES FROM SANTALUM ALBUM: AN IN VITRO STUDY

Parkavi Arumugam*, Tanmay Agarwal, Saheb Ali, Shiva Gummaluri, Ramanarayana Boyapati

Dept of Periodontics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India. Email id: [email protected]; ORCID.ID:0000-0001-5771-8994 · Graduate student, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India. · Dept of Periodontics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India. · Department of Periodontology and Implantology, GITAM Dental College and Hospital, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India. · Department of Periodontology, SIBAR Institute of Dental Sciences, Takkellapadu, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, India

Received: 2026-04-08 · Published: 2025-05-13

© 2025 The Author(s) and the original publisher.

CC BY-NC 4.0 This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
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Originally published in Bulletin of Stomatology and Maxillofacial Surgery, 2025 — https://doi.org/10.58240/1829006X-2025.21.4-191.

Original title
EVALUATION OF ANTIBACTERIAL, ANTIOXIDANT, AND CYTOTOXIC PROPERTIES OF GREEN SYNTHESISED ZINC OXIDE NANOPARTICLES FROM SANTALUM ALBUM: AN IN VITRO STUDY
Authors
Parkavi Arumugam, Tanmay Agarwal, Saheb Ali, Shiva Gummaluri, Ramanarayana Boyapati
Source journal
Bulletin of Stomatology and Maxillofacial Surgery
Published
2025-05-13
Licence
Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International
Original
https://doi.org/10.58240/1829006X-2025.21.4-191

Abstract

Background: Periodontal disease is a prevalent condition that requires effective treatments to manage inflammation and bacterial infections. Traditional therapies face challenges such as antibiotic resistance and limited efficacy. Green synthesised nanoparticles (NPs), particularly Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs), offer a promising alternative due to their unique biological activities. This study aims to green-synthesize ZnO NPs using Santalum album (S. album) leaf extract and evaluate their antibacterial, antioxidant, and cytotoxic properties, for application in the management of severe forms of periodontal disease Materials and Methods: ZnO NPs were synthesized by mixing S. album leaf extract with Zinc acetate solution, followed by heating and centrifugation. The antibacterial activity was assessed using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method against Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans), Escherichia coli (E. coli), and Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae). Antioxidant activity was evaluated using DPPH and H₂O₂ scavenging assays. Cytotoxicity was determined through the zebrafish embryo model. Results: The sZnO NPs demonstrated significant antimicrobial activity against S. aureus, S. mutans, E. coli, and K. pneumoniae with the highest activity against S. mutans. Their antioxidant activity was comparable to Vitamin C and Vitamin E, suggesting potential for further exploration. Zebrafish embryos treated with sZnO NPs showed proper development and comparable mortality rates with the control, indicating biocompatibility. Conclusion: The green synthesised sZnO NPs have shown good antibacterial and antioxidant properties with low cytotoxic activity, allowing their further exploration for clinical application in the form of local targeted drug delivery agents for the treatment of severe forms of periodontal disease.
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