Extracranial arteriovenous malformations of the maxillofacial region in endovascular surgery . Literature review

Arteriovenous malformations of the maxillofacial region are the most complex cases in prognostic, prophylactic and curative aspects in the context of extracranial angiodysplasias of other localizations. AVMs of the face and neck are quite common and cause significant discomfort, reduce mental and physical well-being, and worsen the quality of patients’ life. With such localization, this disease in a large number of its manifestations can cause a huge variety of negative consequences in patients: from discomfort and cosmetic defect, up to death as a result of bleeding or heart failure. AVMs of the maxillofacial region have their own characteristics in the clinical course, classification and surgical tactics. Many retrospective studies have shown
disappointing treatment outcomes in many cases due to ineffectiveness of available treatments, high recurrent rates, poor long-term outcomes, and low cure rate. This problem, as well as the lack of a universal treatment method of choice in such patients, is due to a poor understanding of the mechanisms of occurrence and prevalence of this pathology, and often due to incorrect or untimely diagnosis and incorrect tactics. The true epidemiology of arteriovenous malformations is still unknown and needs further retrospective research. The issues of etiology and pathogenesis are also unclear at the present time, this is an actively studied area in leading clinics around the world. The choice of treatment tactics in favor of surgical resection, interventional interventions
or their combination is still the subject of controversy and discussion at international conferences and guidelines. Search for new and improvement of existing methods of treatment of angiodysplasias are an urgent problem and are being actively studied worldwide.
Thus, treatment of patients with AVMs of maxillofacial region should be provided by multidisciplinary team of specialists experienced in management of such cases