Background:Cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC) is a quaternary ammonium compound extensively used in oral hygiene
products for its potent antimicrobial and antiviral activity. Its mechanism involves disruption of microbial cell
membranes through electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions. In addition to its oral applications, CPC has gained
attention for integration into biomaterials and potential to mitigate SARS-CoV-2 transmission, warranting a
comprehensive review of its biomedical relevance.
Materials and Methods:A systematic review was conducted following PRISMA guidelines across PubMed,
ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar (1990–2023), using terms related to CPC's antimicrobial, antiviral, and materialincorporation functions. Eligible studies included in vitro, in vivo, and clinical investigations assessing CPC’s efficacy, mechanisms, and integration into dental materials. Articles were screened, data extracted, and quality assessed using CONSORT and STROBE tools. Due to heterogeneity, findings were synthesized qualitatively.
Results:Evidence supports CPC's significant antimicrobial efficacy in reducing plaque, gingivitis, and biofilm
formation, with up to 30% improvement over controls. It exhibits broad-spectrum bactericidal action, though
polymicrobial biofilms show reduced susceptibility. CPC also demonstrates >99.9% inactivation of SARS-CoV-2 in
vitro, indicating prophylactic potential. Its incorporation into orthodontic adhesives and resins yields sustained
antimicrobial effects, though material strength may decline over time. Emerging resistance and biofilm penetration
barriers highlight key limitations.
Conclusion:CPC is a versatile antimicrobial with proven utility in oral care and public health. Its efficacy against
bacterial and viral pathogens, including SARS-CoV-2, and potential for biomaterial integration underscore its
translational value. However, long-term biocompatibility and resistance development require further research to
optimize its application across clinical domains.
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