Bulletin of Stomatology and Maxillofacial Surgery
ISSN 1829-006X
2025; 186–191
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IN VIVO EVALUATION OF MICROBIAL CHANGES IN DELAYED VERSUS IMMEDIATE IMPLANT PLACEMENT

Mohammed Alyami*, Mohammad Jalaluddin, Shekhar Gupta, Shivani Kumari, Ruchi Agrawal, Tanvi Hirani

Prosthetic Dental Science, Faculty of Dentistry, Najran University. · Professor and Head, Department of Periodontics and Implantology, Kalinga Institute of Dental Sciences, KIIT Deemed University, Bhubaneswar 751024, India. · Assistant Professor, Periodontology, Preventive Dental Sciences Department, College of Dentistry, Gulf Medical University, Ajman, UAE. · Assistant Professor, Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics, SGT University, Gurgaon-Badli Road Chandu, Budhera, Gurugram, Haryana 122505. · Department of Public Health Dentistry, Dr. D. Y. Patil Dental College and Hospital, Pimpri, Pune. Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidhyapeeth, Pimpri, Pune. · Department of Periodontology and Implantology, Karnavati University, Gujarat, India.

Received: 2026-04-08 · Published: 2025-06-25

© 2025 The Author(s) and the original publisher.

CC BY-NC 4.0 This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
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Original title
IN VIVO EVALUATION OF MICROBIAL CHANGES IN DELAYED VERSUS IMMEDIATE IMPLANT PLACEMENT
Authors
Mohammed Alyami, Mohammad Jalaluddin, Shekhar Gupta, Shivani Kumari, Ruchi Agrawal, Tanvi Hirani
Source journal
Bulletin of Stomatology and Maxillofacial Surgery
Published
2025-06-25
Licence
Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International
Original
https://doi.org/10.58240/1829006X-2025.21.5-186

Abstract

Background: Peri-implant microbial colonisation is one of the most critical determinants of the success of osseointegration of implants and long-term outcomes. This in vivo study seeks to determine and compare qualitative and quantitative changes that occur in peri-implant microflora during immediate and delayed implant placement. Materials and Methods: A total of 30 systemically healthy participants who needed single tooth extraction and implant placement were enrolled and equally allocated into two groups. Group A (immediate placement of an implant), and Group B – a delayed implant placement 12 weeks after surgery. Peri-implant sulcus was sampled at the start (pre-placing), the first month, and three months after placement. For this, sterile paper points were utilized. Cultivation and identification were done by culture-based methods together with colony-forming unit (CFU) counts for Streptococcus mutans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, and Fusobacterium nucleatum. Clinical measures such as plaque index and gingival index, and peri-implant probing depth were also documented. Results: Group A exhibited a higher mean CFU count for P. gingivalis (2.8 × 10⁵CFU/mL) than Group B (1.2 × 10⁵CFU/mL). The S. mutans colonization at three months was comparable for both groups. There was a statistically significant (p<0.05) increase in anaerobic species in Group A. The clinical parameters did not exceed the limits in both groups. However, slightly better gingival scores and reduced inflammation were demonstrated in Group B. Conclusion: One of the possible consequences of the immediate implant placement might be a higher level of colonization of pathogenic anaerobic bacteria during the preceding period of healing in comparison with delayed implant placement. Postponed placement may promote more optimal processes of soft tissue healing and microbial stabilization. Monitoring of per-implant microbial profiles is critical in the beginning stages of implant therapy.
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