Bone grafts are widely used in dentistry worldwide. Still, none of the products possess all the desirable qualities for
a bone substitute material, including low immunogenicity, low patient morbidity, affordability, and angiogenic
potential. This study evaluated the effect of temperature and sintering time on the hydroxyapatite derived from
ovine bone. The ovine bone samples were categorized based on their temperature and sintering time into six groups:
120°C for 4 hours, 120°C for 8 hours, 240°C for 1.5 hours, 240°C for 3 hours, 360°C for 1.5 hours, and 360°C for 3
hours. Physiochemical properties using scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffractometry, and Microculture
Tetrazolium Assay were compared to commercially available bone grafts of BioOss and Osseograft, serving as a
benchmark for the sintered ovine bone samples and highlighting their potential superiority. BioOss showed
increased proliferation initially, but a decline was observed after 72 hours. In contrast, the sample sintered at 360°C
for 3 hours exhibited increased cell aggregation after 72 hours, potentially enhancing osteogenic differentiation. In
addition, the samples sintered at 360°C for 3 hours displayed the most distinctive and interconnected pore structure,
suggesting higher sintering and consolidation effects. The unique and intriguing qualities of the sintered ovine bone
samples, such as their distinctive pore structure and potential for strengthening osteogenic differentiation, could
open new and promising avenues for bone graft materials in dentistry and orthopedics, offering optimism for their
future use. The ovine bone showed physicochemical properties like BioOss with increased sintering time and
temperature. Processing ovine bone with solvents like toluene and ethylene di amine and subjecting it to a
temperature of 360° C for 3 hours showed similar results to commercially available xenograft-BioOss.
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