Bulletin of Stomatology and Maxillofacial Surgery
ISSN 1829-006X
2025; 278–285
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SALIVARY VITAMIN D3 AS A NON-INVASIVE BIOMARKER IN RECURRENT APHTHOUS STOMATITIS- A CASE- CONTROL STUDY

Subhiksha Pandiarajan*, Sandra Sagar, Genickson Jeyaraj, Pratibha Ramani

Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, Tamilnadu, Indi · Senior Lecturer, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India. · Senior Resident, Department of Ophthalmology, Saveetha Medical College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India · Head, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India.

Received: 2026-04-08 · Published: 2025-05-30

© 2025 The Author(s) and the original publisher.

CC BY-NC 4.0 This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
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Originally published in Bulletin of Stomatology and Maxillofacial Surgery, 2025 — https://doi.org/10.58240/1829006X-2025.21.4-278.

Original title
SALIVARY VITAMIN D3 AS A NON-INVASIVE BIOMARKER IN RECURRENT APHTHOUS STOMATITIS- A CASE- CONTROL STUDY
Authors
Subhiksha Pandiarajan, Sandra Sagar, Genickson Jeyaraj, Pratibha Ramani
Source journal
Bulletin of Stomatology and Maxillofacial Surgery
Published
2025-05-30
Licence
Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International
Original
https://doi.org/10.58240/1829006X-2025.21.4-278

Abstract

Background: Recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS) is a common, painful oral ulcerative disorder with a multifactorial etiology involving immune dysregulation and nutritional deficiencies. Vitamin D, known for its immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory effects, has been increasingly studied for its role in RAS. While serum vitamin D levels have been explored, salivary vitamin D3 measurement offers a non-invasive alternative. Objective: To evaluate salivary vitamin D3 levels in patients with RAS compared to healthy controls and assess its potential as a biomarker in disease pathogenesis. Methods: A case-control study was conducted with 24 patients (12 clinically diagnosed RAS patients and 12 matched healthy individuals). Salivary samples were analyzed for vitamin D3 concentration using delayed competitive ELISA. A paired t test was done used using SPSS software for statistical analysis. Results: RAS patients showed significantly lower salivary vitamin D3 concentrations (40.96–55 ng/mL) than controls (51.05–60.91 ng/mL), suggesting an association between vitamin D deficiency and RAS (p < 0.05). These results support vitamin D’s role in modulating immune responses linked to ulcer formation. Saliva proved to be a reliable, non-invasive medium for vitamin D3 assessment. Conclusion:The findings revealed vitamin D deficiency in patients with RAS and highlight salivary vitamin D3 as a practical biomarker. Incorporating vitamin D screening in clinical evaluation of RAS patients may improve diagnosis and management. Further research, including larger, multicentric studies with genetic and environmental considerations, is needed to clarify causality and optimize vitamin D-based therapeutic strategies.
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