COMPARATIVE ASSESSMENT OF PERIODONTAL LESIONS IN PATIENTS WITH VIRAL HEPATITIS B, VIRAL HEPATITIS C AND HIV BEFORE COMPLEX TREATMENT

Background: Periodontal disease is currently a significant problem in dentistry. According to WHO, inflammatory
periodontal diseases are one of the most common dental diseases in the world after dental caries. Since the last decades of the 20th century to the present day, there has been an increase in the incidence of VH and HIV.
The aim of this study was to compare periodontal lesions in patients with HBV, HCV and HIV.
Material and methods: The study included 281 patients who were divided into 3 groups. Patients of group I with
HBV n= 95 – 24 (25.3%) women and 71 (74.7%) men, the average age was 40.17±13.48; group II with HCV n= 96 –
35 (36.5%) women and 61 (63.5%) men, the average age was 50.05±13.29 and group III with HIV n= 90 – 9 (10%)
women and 81 (90%) men, the average age was 45.2±8.34. All patients had their stomatological status examined
according to pre-developed criteria, which included an external examination of the lips and corners of the mouth, an
assessment of the condition of the marginal and alveolar part of the gums, the dental-periodontal complex.
Results: To identify possible characteristics of dental status in HBV, HCV, and HIV infections, we conducted a
comparative analysis of the condition of the marginal and alveolar gingiva between groups of patients with VH and
HIV. The proportion of individuals with gingival hyperemia in the study groups varied significantly, this symptom
was observed in patients in the HIV group 87.8%, which is 1.3 times more common than in the HBV group 66.3%
and 4.4 times more common than in the HCV group 19.8% (p<0.001). The comparison of the mean PI index scores
revealed a statistically significant difference (p<0.001) between patients in the HBV and HCV groups, where the mean
PI index scores were 4.08±0.41 and 4.51±0.64, respectively.
Conclusion: Thus, the marginal and alveolar gingiva, unlike HBV and HCV, are more frequently affected by HIV,
manifesting as bleeding, swelling, hyperemia, and papillae looseness. The latter is found almost exclusively in HIV
patients, while cyanosis is found only in HCV patients. When comparing HBV and C, hyperemia, swelling, and
bleeding are more frequently observed in HBV.