Dry eye disease is the most common condition in ophthalmology, which is particularly
affecting people with health conditions having underlying inflammation and malnutrition in the pathology. One of these conditions is celiac disease.
We aimed to analyse the prevalence of dry eye symptoms and the quality of tear film in celiac disease patients following a gluten-free diet. This is the first stage research for the randomized clinical trial aiming to assess the effect of omega-3 fatty acid supplementation on the tear film quality and dry eye disease in celiac disease patients following a gluten-free diet (ClinicalTrials. gov ID NCT05825978). One hundred celiac disease patients following a gluten-free diet completed general questionnaire, modified Celiac Disease Questionnaire, and semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire which included foods potentially contaminated with gluten i.e. risky foods. The presence of dry eye symptoms and the quality of the tear film were assessed with two
objective (Schirmer test I and TBUT) and one subjective (OSDI test) measurement. Subjective and objective measures of dry eye were lower in celiac disease patients who consumed more risky foods. However, average values for all measurements did not fit the criteria for dry eye diagnosis, but point out the need to educate celiac disease patients of the risks posed on eye health with exposure to gluten, even accidental.
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