Bulletin of Stomatology and Maxillofacial Surgery
ISSN 1829-006X
2025; 273–279
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ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE BASED TWEED ANALYSIS OF DIFFERENT TYPES OF CLEFT AND NON-CLEFT INDIVIDUALS

Mohammad Khursheed Alam*

Received: 2026-04-08 · Published: 2025-10-09

© 2025 The Author(s) and the original publisher.

CC BY-NC 4.0 This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
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Original title
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE BASED TWEED ANALYSIS OF DIFFERENT TYPES OF CLEFT AND NON-CLEFT INDIVIDUALS
Author
Mohammad Khursheed Alam
Source journal
Bulletin of Stomatology and Maxillofacial Surgery
Published
2025-10-09
Licence
Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International
Original
https://doi.org/10.58240/1829006X-2025.21.9-273

Abstract

Background: This research compares the Frankfort-mandibular plane angle (FMA) measurements between individuals with cleft lip and palate (CLP) disorders and those without clefts (NC). Additionally, it examines gender differences in FMA measurements within the study population. Materials and Methods: A sample of 123 individuals provided demographic information, including gender distribution and types of cleft conditions. FMA measurements were calculated and compared across genders and cleft conditions using independent samples tests, descriptive statistics, analysis of variance (ANOVA), and multiple comparisons. Results: The study found that 56.1% of participants were male and 43.9% were female. Furthermore, 74.8% had CLP conditions, with bilateral cleft lip and palate being the most prevalent (23.6%). No significant differences in FMA measurements were observed between males and females (p > 0.05). However, significant differences were found in FMA measurements between individuals with NC and CLP conditions (p < 0.05). ANOVA revealed significant differences in mean FMA measurements across various types of cleft conditions. Conclusion: The findings indicate that while gender does not significantly affect FMA measurements, substantial differences exist between individuals with NC and CLP conditions. Understanding these distinctions is crucial for personalized orthodontic and craniofacial treatment planning in patients with cleft lip and palate disorders.
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