Bulletin of Stomatology and Maxillofacial Surgery
ISSN 1829-006X
2025; 557–565
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COMPARATIVE EXPRESSION OF TOLL-LIKE RECEPTOR 4 IN ORAL PAPILLARY AND CONVENTIONAL SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA USING RT-QPCR AND IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY (COMPARATIVE CROSS- SECTIONAL STUDY)

Nancy Abd Elrazik Abd Elhafiz Khedr*

Received: 2026-04-08 · Published: 2025-10-25

© 2025 The Author(s) and the original publisher.

CC BY-NC 4.0 This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
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Original title
COMPARATIVE EXPRESSION OF TOLL-LIKE RECEPTOR 4 IN ORAL PAPILLARY AND CONVENTIONAL SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA USING RT-QPCR AND IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY (COMPARATIVE CROSS- SECTIONAL STUDY)
Author
Nancy Abd Elrazik Abd Elhafiz Khedr
Source journal
Bulletin of Stomatology and Maxillofacial Surgery
Published
2025-10-25
Licence
Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International
Original
https://doi.org/10.58240/1829006X-2025.21.9-557

Abstract

Background:Oral papillary squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) is a rare subtype of squamous cell carcinoma with debatable prognosis and metastatic potential. To better understand this neoplasm, it is essential to investigate its biological behavior, growth patterns, and tumor microenvironment. Our study aims to compare the expression of tolllike receptor 4 in papillary and various grades of conventional squamous cell carcinoma. Materials & Methods:This comparative cross-sectional study included formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded samples of different grades of conventional squamous cell carcinoma, OPSCC, and normal epithelial tissue as a control group. TLR4 mRNA levels were evaluated using RT-qPCR, while protein expression was assessed by immunohistochemical staining. Statistical analysis was performed to compare expression between the groups. Results: TLR4 exhibited cytoplasmic and variable nuclear expression in both OSCC and OPSCC, with the highest levels found in poorly differentiated SCC. RT-qPCR confirmed significantly elevated TLR4 mRNA in all cancer groups compared to controls. No statistically significant differences in TLR4 expression were observed between OPSCC and well-differentiated or moderately differentiated squamous cell carcinoma in either immunohistochemical or PCR analysis. Conclusion:The results indicate that while OPSCC may display unique biological characteristics compared to conventional OSCC, its behavior appears to resemble that of OSCC with similar histological grading, regardless of connective tissue invasion.
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