Background: Xenogenic scaffold is an alternative in bone tissue engineering derived from xenograft used for the
reconstruction of critical size defects in the maxillofacial region. Cancellous bovine bone processed through freezedrying results in freeze-dried bovine bone (FDBB) scaffold. FDBB continues to be developed due to the existing risk of transmission through the decellularization process, resulting in decellularized freeze-dried bovine bone (dcFDBB) scaffold. The freeze-drying process, the addition of chemicals in the decellularization process, and
sterilization with gamma-ray radiation can reduce the levels of growth factors such as TGF-β1 and BMP-2, thereby
diminishing the osteoinductive potential required in bone regeneration.
Objective: This study aims to compare the levels of TGF-β1 and BMP-2 in cancellous bovine bone processed
through freeze-drying and decellularization.
Method: Extraction and quantification of growth factors were carried out on Fresh Cancellous Bovine Bone, FDBB,
and dc-FDBB. Comparative tests were performed using ANOVA and Kruskal Wallis tests.
Results: The mean levels of TGF-β1 and BMP-2 were highest in Fresh Cancellous Bovine Bone (16,453 pg/mL;
10,181 pg/mL), followed by FDBB (9,300 pg/mL; 7,086 pg/mL) and dc-FDBB (6,291 pg/mL; 5,672 pg/mL). There
were no significant differences in the levels of TGF-β1 and BMP-2 between FDBB and dc-FDBB (p = 0.378; p =
0.429). There were significant differences in the levels of TGF-β1 and BMP-2 between Fresh Cancellous Bovine
Bone and FDBB (p = 0.037, p = 0.034), as well as Fresh Cancellous Bovine Bone and dc-FDBB (p = 0.004, p =
0.003).
Conclusion: There is a reduction in the levels of TGF-β1 and BMP-2 in cancellous bovine bone processed through
freeze-drying and decellularizati.
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