Bulletin of Stomatology and Maxillofacial Surgery
ISSN 1829-006X
2025; 89–99
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CORRELATION BETWEEN FAGERSTRÖM TEST FOR NICOTINE DEPENDENCE AND PREVALENCE OF ORAL MUCOSAL LESIONS: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY

Nisha Jaisree*, Pratibha Ramani, Meignana Arumugham

Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, India. · Department of Public Health Dentistry, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, India

Received: 2026-04-08 · Published: 2025-06-15

© 2025 The Author(s) and the original publisher.

CC BY-NC 4.0 This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
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Original title
CORRELATION BETWEEN FAGERSTRÖM TEST FOR NICOTINE DEPENDENCE AND PREVALENCE OF ORAL MUCOSAL LESIONS: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY
Authors
Nisha Jaisree, Pratibha Ramani, Meignana Arumugham
Source journal
Bulletin of Stomatology and Maxillofacial Surgery
Published
2025-06-15
Licence
Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International
Original
https://doi.org/10.58240/1829006X-2025.21.5-89

Abstract

Tobacco use is a major risk factor for oral mucosal lesions (OMLs), including potentially malignant disorders. The Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND) is a tool for assessing nicotine dependence. This study investigates the potential correlation between FTND scores and the prevalence of OMLs. The present study aims to determine if a correlation exists between FTND scores, indicating nicotine dependence levels, and the prevalence of Oral mucosal lesions. Patient records from a Dental Information Archiving System Software were analyzed to identify individuals with tobacco use habits. FTND scores were calculated to assess nicotine dependence levels, and oral mucosal changes were recorded. Male patients aged 18 years above with a history of cigarette smoking and tobacco usage, 70 participants in each group were included. The mean age of the patients was 37.6 +/- 13.2 years with an age range of 18 to 75 years. Individuals with more severe oral mucosal lesions tend to have higher scores on the Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence, suggesting a stronger nicotine addiction. A weak, positive correlation between Age and Mucosal Changes was observed (r = 0.089). A moderate, negative correlation between Mucosal Changes and Tobacco Cessation Form (r = -0.279). This correlation was statistically significant at the 0.01 level (p = 0.001). The present study highlights a link between nicotine dependence and oral lesions, emphasizing the need for targeted intervention toward habit cessation.
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