Bulletin of Stomatology and Maxillofacial Surgery
ISSN 1829-006X
2025; 413–417
Shared with The Gufo

CYTOTOXICITY AND GENOTOXICITY ASSESSMENT OF SURFACE COATINGS ON TITANIUM DENTAL IMPLANTS

Hussain Topiwala*, Sayyad Fatema, Gaurav Chandra

,Index Institute of Dental, India · Family dental care clinic, Aurangabad , Maharashtra , · Chandra Dental College and Hospital, Safedabad, Barabanki, Place- Barabanki

Received: 2026-04-08 · Published: 2025-11-19

© 2025 The Author(s) and the original publisher.

CC BY-NC 4.0 This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Shared article.
Original title
CYTOTOXICITY AND GENOTOXICITY ASSESSMENT OF SURFACE COATINGS ON TITANIUM DENTAL IMPLANTS
Authors
Hussain Topiwala, Sayyad Fatema, Gaurav Chandra
Source journal
Bulletin of Stomatology and Maxillofacial Surgery
Published
2025-11-19
Licence
Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International
Original
https://doi.org/10.58240/1829006X-2025.21.10-413

Abstract

Background: Titanium dental implants are widely used in restorative dentistry due to their biocompatibility and mechanical properties. Surface coatings enhance osseointegration and antimicrobial effects but may introduce cytotoxic and genotoxic risks. Objective: To evaluate the cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of three common surface coatings—hydroxyapatite (HA), titanium nitride (TiN), and zirconia (ZrO₂)—on titanium dental implants. Methods: Titanium discs (n=120) were divided into four groups: uncoated (control), HA-coated, TiN-coated, and ZrO₂-coated. Cytotoxicity was assessed via MTT assay and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release in human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs) and osteoblast-like cells (MG-63) at 24, 48, and 72 hours. Genotoxicity was evaluated using comet assay and micronucleus test. Statistical analysis included ANOVA and Tukey’s post-hoc tests (significance: p < 0.05). Key Findings: HA coating showed the highest cell viability (92.5% ± 2.1 in HGFs at 72 hours) and lowest LDH release (8.3% ± 1.2). TiN exhibited moderate cytotoxicity (viability: 78.4% ± 3.0; LDH: 18.7% ± 2.5). ZrO₂ had the lowest viability (65.2% ± 4.1) and highest LDH release (25.6% ± 3.2). Genotoxicity was negligible for HA (comet tail moment: 1.2 ± 0.3; micronuclei frequency: 0.8% ± 0.2) but significant for ZrO₂ (tail moment: 8.7 ± 1.5; micronuclei: 4.5% ± 0.7; p < 0.001). Conclusion: HA coating demonstrated superior biocompatibility, while ZrO₂ induced notable cytotoxic and genotoxic effects. TiN showed intermediate results. These findings emphasize the importance of coating selection for clinical safety.
1 / ? 100% Open in new tab Download Cite

Loading the full text…

Download Follow Updates