Bulletin of Stomatology and Maxillofacial Surgery
ISSN 1829-006X
2025; 427–433
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EVALUATION OF SALIVARY TGF-Β1 AS A GENETIC BIOMARKER IN SKELETAL CLASS III MALOCCLUSION WITH MANDIBULAR PROGNATHISM- A PILOT STUDY

Nataleya Felix*, Swapna Sreenivasagan, Aravind Subramanian

Resident, Department of Orthodontics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha institute of medical and technical sciences, Saveetha university, 162, Poonamallee high road,Chennai– 600077 India · MDS , PhD Assistant Professor,Department of Orthodontics,Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha institute of medical and technical sciences,Saveetha university,162, Poonamallee high road,Chennai– 600077 · MDS , PhD Assistant Professor,Department of Orthodontics,Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha institute of medical and technical sciences,Saveetha university,162, Poonamallee high road,Chennai– 600077 India

Received: 2026-04-08 · Published: 2025-11-16

© 2025 The Author(s) and the original publisher.

CC BY-NC 4.0 This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
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Original title
EVALUATION OF SALIVARY TGF-Β1 AS A GENETIC BIOMARKER IN SKELETAL CLASS III MALOCCLUSION WITH MANDIBULAR PROGNATHISM- A PILOT STUDY
Authors
Nataleya Felix, Swapna Sreenivasagan, Aravind Subramanian
Source journal
Bulletin of Stomatology and Maxillofacial Surgery
Published
2025-11-16
Licence
Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International
Original
https://doi.org/10.58240/1829006X-2025.21.9-427

Abstract

Background:Skeletal Class III malocclusion with mandibular prognathism presents diagnostic and treatment challenges due to its complex and variable growth patterns. Transforming Growth Factor Beta-1 (TGF-β1) is a key regulator of bone remodelling and craniofacial development, and salivary detection offers a non-invasive means of monitoring its activity. Aim:To evaluate salivary TGF-β1 levels in adolescents with skeletal Class III malocclusion and mandibular prognathism, exploring its potential as a biological growth marker. Materials and Methods:A cross-sectional study was conducted on adolescents clinically and cephalometrically diagnosed with skeletal Class III malocclusion due to mandibular prognathism. Unstimulated saliva samples were collected using the passive drool technique, processed, and stored at –80°C. TGF-β1 concentrations were quantified using an ELISA assay, with all samples analysed in duplicate. Results:Salivary TGF-β1 concentrations showed substantial inter-individual variation, ranging from 595.2 ng/L to 2,376.0 ng/L. The mean value was 1,470.96 ng/L, with a median of 1,572.0 ng/L. The standard deviation of 593.30 ng/L indicated a wide spread of values, reflecting biological variability among participants. Conclusion:Salivary TGF-β1 levels vary considerably among adolescents with skeletal Class III malocclusion and mandibular prognathism, likely reflecting individual differences in skeletal growth activity. Saliva-based testing may serve as a practical, non-invasive adjunct to conventional orthodontic diagnostics, potentially aiding in the prediction of growth trends and timing of interventions.
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