Background:Skeletal Class III malocclusion with mandibular prognathism presents diagnostic and treatment
challenges due to its complex and variable growth patterns. Transforming Growth Factor Beta-1 (TGF-β1) is a key
regulator of bone remodelling and craniofacial development, and salivary detection offers a non-invasive means of
monitoring its activity.
Aim:To evaluate salivary TGF-β1 levels in adolescents with skeletal Class III malocclusion and mandibular
prognathism, exploring its potential as a biological growth marker.
Materials and Methods:A cross-sectional study was conducted on adolescents clinically and cephalometrically
diagnosed with skeletal Class III malocclusion due to mandibular prognathism. Unstimulated saliva samples were
collected using the passive drool technique, processed, and stored at –80°C. TGF-β1 concentrations were quantified
using an ELISA assay, with all samples analysed in duplicate.
Results:Salivary TGF-β1 concentrations showed substantial inter-individual variation, ranging from 595.2 ng/L to
2,376.0 ng/L. The mean value was 1,470.96 ng/L, with a median of 1,572.0 ng/L. The standard deviation of 593.30
ng/L indicated a wide spread of values, reflecting biological variability among participants.
Conclusion:Salivary TGF-β1 levels vary considerably among adolescents with skeletal Class III malocclusion and
mandibular prognathism, likely reflecting individual differences in skeletal growth activity. Saliva-based testing may
serve as a practical, non-invasive adjunct to conventional orthodontic diagnostics, potentially aiding in the prediction of growth trends and timing of interventions.
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