This work is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution–NonCommercial International License
(CC BY-NC 4.0).
Benign tumors of the urinary bladder, including polyps and papillomas, are uncommon yet clinically relevant due to
their ability to mimic malignant conditions, leading to diagnostic challenges. These lesions can present with symptoms
such as hematuria or urinary obstruction, necessitating accurate differentiation from more aggressive pathologies.
Immunohistochemistry (IHC) has become a critical diagnostic tool, offering detailed molecular and cellular insights
into these tumors. This article explores the immunohistochemical characteristics of benign bladder tumors, with a
focus on polyps and papillomas, and highlights their diagnostic and prognostic significance. By examining specific
markers, this review underscores the role of IHC in distinguishing benign lesions from malignant counterparts,
ultimately guiding appropriate clinical management.