The purpose of this review article is to assess systematically the available scientific evidence about the microbial biocenosis of apical periodontitis in the root canal system and its resistance to antibiotics.
The study of publications was produced in the electronic databases such as Google Scholar, PubMed during a systematic review of the literature. Included articles contain information about microbial biocenosis of apical periodontitis in the root canal system and its antibiotic sensitivity.
The publication date criterion was selected from January 2012 to January 2022. Totally 55 articles were reviewed. After analyzing the literature for inclusion criteria, the total
number of publications has become 10. Primary and secondary apical periodontitis are polymicrobial infection with predominance of gram-negative bacteria and a more diverse bacterial population found in secondary apical periodontitis. in primary apical periodontitis, the most frequently detected microorganisms are Fusobacterium, Porphyromonas, Prevotella, Pseudoramibacter and Peptostreptococcus. The most commonly occurring microorganisms in secondary apical periodontitis are E. faecalis, P.
gingivalis, F. nucleatum and A. actinomycetemcomitans are the most common. No significant changes in the bacterial biocenosis of the root canal system with apical periodontitis have been detected over the past 10 years. Microorganisms of apical periodontitis are sensitive to various antibiotics, but most of them are sensitive to amoxicillin + clavulanate.
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