Background: Periodontal disease, which is characterized by inflammation and the breakdown of periodontal tissues,
requires effective regeneration treatments. A bioceramic alloplast called hydroxyapatite (hydroxyapatite), which
resembles natural bone chemically and structurally, has potential for bone regeneration. However, its applicability is
hampered by its limitations in resorption rate and mechanical strength. The structural and biological performance of
hydroxyapatite may be improved by doping it with rare earth elements like praseodymium (Pr), which are recognized
for their osteogenic qualities and biocompatibility.
Aims and Objectives: This study aimed to synthesize praseodymium-doped hydroxyapatite (Pr-hydroxyapatite) using
a wet chemical precipitation method and evaluate its structural, morphological, and toxicological properties to assess its potential for periodontal regeneration.
Materials and Methods: Pr-hydroxyapatite was synthesized by incorporating praseodymium ions into the
hydroxyapatite lattice through a wet chemical precipitation process. Characterization was performed using Scanning
Electron Microscopy (SEM), Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis, Attenuated Total Reflectance Infrared
Spectroscopy (ATR-IR), and X-ray Diffraction (XRD). Toxicological analysis was conducted using a zebrafish embryo
toxicity test at various Pr-hydroxyapatite concentrations (4–200 µg/ml).
Results: SEM revealed well-formed crystals with rough, layered morphologies, while EDX confirmed the presence of
praseodymium at 2.5% incorporation. ATR-IR and XRD demonstrated successful integration of Pr³⁺ ions into the
hydroxyapatite lattice without compromising crystallinity or phase purity. Toxicity studies indicated dose-dependent
effects, with 4 µg/ml identified as a safe concentration for biological applications.
Conclusion: Pr-hydroxyapatite exhibits improved structural and physicochemical properties, supporting its potential in promoting osteogenesis, angiogenesis, and antibacterial activity. Its optical properties further enable bioimaging and antimicrobial photodynamic therapy applications. Despite its promise, additional in vitro and in vivo studies are
required to optimize dosage, evaluate resorption rates, and confirm long-term safety and efficacy in clinical
applications.
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